Activation of NK cells by cytokine trans-presentation has been mainly studied using IL-15;8, 33, 34, 35 IL-15 bound on an IL-15 receptor α chains (IL-15Rα of various cells such as activated monocytes, dendritic cells, and cancer cells have shown to enhance proliferation and cytotoxicity of NK cells. The gene discussed is IL15RA; the disease is cancer.