TNF and listeriosis: Here, in the context of Listeria infection, we do not observe a significant difference between pml+/+ and pml−/− MEFs in their expression of il6 or other established NF-kB-dependent genes, such as tnf-α (encoding tumor necrosis factor alpha), ccl5, il1b (encoding interleukin-1b), il12a, il12b, and trl9 (see Tables S1 and S2 in the supplemental material).