VSIR and inflammatory response: The role of VISTA as a negative regulator of T cell mediated immune response has been strengthened by the fact that VISTA deficient mice display elevated T cell activation, proliferation, secretion of inflammatory cytokines (IFNγ, TNFα, monocyte chemotactic protein-1 [MCP-1], IL-6), chemokines (interferone gamma induced protein-10 [IP-10], monocyte interferon gamma inducing factor [MIG], MCP-1) and multiorgan chronic inflammation.