HNF4A and adenoma: In most human adenomas and CRCs, Wnt pathway defects, most commonly APC inactivating mutations, lead to dysregulated β-catenin/T cell factor (TCF) transcription with resultant activation of genes normally restricted to intestinal stem cells in many neoplastic cells in the lesions (Fearon, 2011; Koo and Clevers, 2014).