Based on these data, we provide a schematic-diagram depicting a series of events including a feed-forward interaction of ERK, involvement of MDM2/PRAS40/ERK in p53 upregulation, participation of p73 and LKB1 which is operative in BITC-induced p53-signaling networks-dependent growth-inhibition of breast cancer cells (Fig. 7). Here, TP53 is linked to breast carcinoma.