TNF and multiple sclerosis: Even though the behavioral phenotype did not appear to be altered in mTNFΔ/Δ mice this is the case in TNF−/− mice [29, 30] and discrepancies in study outcomes between genetically modified TNF models and studies using anti-TNF therapies have been encountered in other CNS models, including models for focal cerebral ischemia and multiple sclerosis (reviewed in [8, 31]).