BRAF and melanoma: In the case of BRAF‐mutant melanomas, a comparable vemurafenib‐tolerant state has been associated with changes in the expression of differentiation markers, including: MITF, a key regulator of melanocyte lineage; NGFR (the low affinity nerve growth factor receptor, also known as p75NTR or CD271), a neural crest marker; and receptor tyrosine kinases such as AXL, EGFR, and PDGFRβ (Johannessen et al, 2013; Konieczkowski et al, 2014; Muller et al, 2014; Sun et al, 2014; Ravindran Menon et al, 2015; Smith et al, 2016; Tirosh et al, 2016).