BRAF and melanoma: Small‐molecule inhibitors of MAP kinases (MAPK), such as RAF inhibitors (e.g., vemurafenib and dabrafenib), MEK inhibitors (e.g., selumetinib and trametinib), or their combination, benefit a majority of melanoma patients whose tumors carry activating V600E/K mutations in the BRAF oncogene, but they commonly fail to cure disease due to acquired resistance.