IL4 and Hepatic fibrosis: As shown in Fig. 1, elevated levels of IP-10, IFN-γ, IL-4, and TGF-β1 were detected in the CHB patients with liver fibrosis (F1–2, F3–4, and F5–6), compared to the controls (F0), and there was a trend toward greater levels of IP-10 with an increasing degree of liver fibrosis.