IL6 and viral infectious disease: Experimental observations of the viral infection in astrocytes from a neonatal macaque cultured in vitro presented similar results, with neurotransmitters (e.g., noradrenalin) and cytokines (e.g., IL-6 and IL-8) showing higher expression (ps < 0.036, compared with corresponding negative control groups) that was consistent with the results from human astrocytes (Figure S3).