INS and Insulin resistance: As shown in Table 1, the diabetic groups treated with Momordica charantia showed a significant decrease in serum glucose (135.99 ± 6.27 and 149.79 ± 1.90 vs. 253.40 ± 8.18) for prophylaxis and treatment respectively, fructosamine levels (0.99 ± 0.01 and 1.01 ± 0.04 vs. 3.04 ± 0.07)and in insulin resistance index (1.13 ± 0.08 and 1.19 ± 0.05 vs. 1.48 ± 1.47) while serum insulin levels (3.41 ± 0.08 and 3.28 ± 0.08 vs. 2.39 ± 0.27), and β-cell function percent (17.63 ± 0.61 and 13.85 ± 0.30 vs. 4.34 ± 0.20) were significantly increased (p < 0.05).