In some cases, studies from Western countries reported potential risk factors (such as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1)) for T2D [7]; however, the association between these risk factors and T2D could not be reproduced using mostly non-obese T2D patients from Asian countries such as Turkey [8], Japan, India, and Taiwan [7]. Here, IRS1 is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.