We found that the frequency of CD3+CD4+IFN-γ+Th1 in tumor nest was significantly lower than that in tumor boundary, adjacent normal lung tissue or corresponding lymph node tissue; the frequency of CD3+CD4+IL-4+Th2 in tumor nest was significantly higher than that in tumor boundary, adjacent normal lung tissue or corresponding lymph node tissue; the frequency of CD3+CD4+IL-17+Th17 in tumor nest was significantly lower than that in tumor boundary, but not adjacent normal tissue or corresponding lymph node tissue. Here, CD4 is linked to neoplasm.