Our data demonstrate that the HDL NPs outcompete native HDL for SR-B1 and modulate cholesterol metabolism (i.e. via enhanced free cholesterol removal and reduced cholesteryl ester uptake), which potently induces apoptosis in human B cell lymphoma in vitro and in vivo without measured systemic side effects in the studied animal models [14–16]. The gene discussed is SCARB1; the disease is B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma.