We also observed that A2780 cells treated with exosomes from platinum-resistant cells displayed a 2- to 5-fold (P<0.05) decrease in KLF4, a transcription factor that regulates genes essential to EMT including E-cadherin and vimentin and has been shown to regulate EMT in multiple types of cancers [63–66] (Figure 6A). This evidence concerns the gene VIM and cancer.