Similar attenuations in oscillation and pacemaking were observed from the SNc model when the moderate (28%) blockade clearly reduced overall Ca2+ influx (green area), supporting the current strategy to develop PD therapeutics based on conventional CaV1.3 antagonists (Gudala et al., 2015; Hurley et al., 2013; Kang et al., 2012; Pasternak et al., 2012). Here, CACNA1D is linked to Parkinson disease.