Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a rapidly progressive and fatal neurodegenerative disease characterized by parkinsonism, dysautonomia [5, 56], and accumulation of the protein alpha-synuclein (α-syn) within oligodendroglial cells in the form of glial cytoplasmic inclusions [16, 19] leading to neuroinflammation, demyelination and neurodegeneration [15, 25, 43, 47, 50, 57]. This evidence concerns the gene SNCA and multiple system atrophy.