SOD1 and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: In this study, we successfully prepared anti-SOD1olig/int antibodies exclusively recognizing the disulfide-crosslinked SOD1 oligomers in vitro and then found that those antibodies detect the pathological SOD1 species in spinal cords of the SOD1-ALS patients (C111Y) as well as transgenic model mice (G1H and loxG37R mice).