In this study, we demonstrated that B. adolescentis confers significant protection against intestinal injury in the NEC premature rat model and alter the expression of TLR4, TOLLIP and SIGIRR, all factors in the NF-κB signaling pathway; therefore, we speculate that B. adolescentis modulates the NF-κB signaling pathway by upregulateing TOLLIP and SIGIRR, and decreasing TLR4 to protect against intestinal injury. The gene discussed is TLR4; the disease is necrotizing enterocolitis.