In a Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for age, gender, PD staring year, healthcare insurance status, DM, hypertension, comorbidity score, visual disturbance, BMI, hemoglobin, albumin, logCRP, and eGFR, middle school or lower education level was not associated with increased all-cause mortality, as compared to the higher than high school education (adjusted HR, 1.11; 95% CI, 0.53–2.33; P = 0.788; Table 2; Fig 2). The gene discussed is ALB; the disease is hypertensive disorder.