According to the first evidences reported by Fong et al, the results of a multicenter phase II study by Kaufman et al, have recently showed encouraging responses to olaparib across different tumor types associated with germline BRCA1/2 mutations including breast, ovarian, prostate, and pancreatic cancer who received prior chemotherapy regimens [60], confirming that BRCA1/2 germline status defines a target population responsive to PARP inhibition, regardless of tumor anatomic origin and histotype. This evidence concerns the gene BRCA1 and neoplasm.