KDR and neoplasm: Tumors that resist the anti-VEGF therapy secrete high amounts of galectin-1, which promotes angiogenesis by activation of VEGFR-2 in a ligand (i.e., VEGF)-independent manner.56 In contrast, blocking galectin-1 with a neutralizing antibody markedly attenuates tumor angiogenesis.57 Considering that both galectins-1 and -3 regulate tumor angiogenesis,56, , –59 dual targeting galectins-1 and -3 by 33DFTG may be a novel therapeutic approach for tumor angiogenesis.