LDLR and atherosclerosis: RNY genes account for four copies in human (RNY1, 3, 4 and 5) and two in mouse genome (RNY1 and 3), and their sequence is well conserved among vertebrates.12 The expression of s-RNYs is significantly upregulated in mouse models for atherosclerosis (namely the ApoE−/− and Ldlr−/− mice) and in the serum of 263 patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) compared with 514 age-matched controls.1, 11 Biostatistical analysis positioned s-RNYs as relevant novel independent diagnostic biomarkers for CAD and associated it with atherosclerosis burden.1, 11