PARP1 and age-related macular degeneration: We examined whether PARP-1 activation damages mitochondria in H2O2-insulted ARPE-19 cells because mitochondrial defects are observed in the RPE of AMD eyes.48 H2O2 treatment induced mitochondrial depolarization in ARPE-19 cells when examined with MUSE analyzer (Figures 4a and b) and addition of NAD+ restored mitochondrial polarization (Supplementary Figure 8).