GSTM1 and Parkinson disease: Dysregulation of the autophagic pathway has been observed in human post mortem PD brains and in animal models while genes mutated in familial PD are involved in its regulation.46 Importantly, autophagy enhanced by rapamycin protects against cell death caused by MPTP and rotenone.8, 47 An intriguing relationship may thus be hypothesized between Hb toxicity and its ability to inhibit mTOR impairing autophagy.