PIP and breast carcinoma: To support this hypothesis further, the metastatic breast cancer cohort (n=66) described above was also evaluated for the expression of several biomarkers associated with breast cancer dissemination/metastasis, namely CK19 [50], mammaglobin-A (MGA) [51], prolactin inducible peptide (PIP) [52], and human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) [53].