While a molecular diagnostic test that can detect histologically verified prostate cancer in DNBs might have limited clinical utility, detection of methylation-based cancer field effects in morphologically normal prostate biopsies may be used to guide the need for repeat biopsy in men with exclusively cancer-negative DNBs but persistently elevated PSA, which remains a major clinical challenge [10, 11]. Here, KLK3 is linked to Familial prostate cancer.