Furthermore, we speculate that the discrepancy between the complete change in H3K9me3 in response to chaetocin in the repetitive elements of Pgc1α and the smaller restoration of Pgc1α gene expression may be explained by the occurrence of H3K9me3 and other epigenetic modifications during the progression and development of hypertrophy/heart failure. Here, PPARGC1A is linked to heart failure.