MME and Alzheimer disease: Through our previous works, we have demonstrated multiple times the therapeutic benefits following MSC transplantation into the hippocampus of an AD transgenic mouse, such as restoration of spatial memory assessed through the Morris Water Maze, and reduction of amyloid plaques which we hypothesized could be partially due to increased neprilysin, an Aβ degrading enzyme, or to decreased β-secretase-1 (BACE-1)18, 34, 35.