Macrophages with an M2-like phenotype (CD68+/CD163+/CD206+/IL-10high) have recently been shown to be the primary target of HIV infection in the endometrium.23 We were not able to characterize the phenotype of the macrophages due to the scant volume of endometrial tissue available for analysis from DMPA users, and hence we do not know if the observed increase in macrophage density included the susceptible phenotype. The gene discussed is CD68; the disease is HIV infectious disease.