In 1999 the first paper that reported an increase in IL-10 and TGF-β concentrations in the sera of pancreatic cancer patients and an increase in IL-4 production and a decrease in IFN-γ and IL-12 production from stimulated PBMCs was published, thus demonstrating a skewing of T-cell cytokine production towards a Th2 [43]. This evidence concerns the gene IL10 and familial pancreatic carcinoma.