In addition, increased IL-8 TA levels have been described on PD1 and PD3 in preterm infants who subsequently developed BPD, preceding the neutrophil infiltration [83–85]; however, elevated TA IL-8 levels also seem to be associated with BPD development in older infants [13,86]. Here, CXCL8 is linked to bronchopulmonary dysplasia.