SP1 and cancer: KEGG pathway analysis indicated that pathways in cancer, the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway and the p53 signaling pathway were significantly enriched with differentially expressed genes including IGF1, WNT1, ADAM12, SP1 and ACVR1, etc. These genes could function as oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes or were implicated in the regulation of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes to correlate with the tumorigenesis and the development of bladder cancer [20,21,22].