INS and Hyperglycemia: For instance, in hyperglycaemia-dependent lipotoxicity, the high glucose-induced production of reactive species increases lipid peroxidation, making the prolonged exposure of pancreatic β-cells to fatty acids affect insulin gene expression and insulin secretion; under high glucose concentrations, elevated fatty acids are not promptly oxidized in mitochondria, being diverted towards different pathways that result in the production of deleterious products [91].