To determine whether inhibition of both TNF and IL1 can also promote the anti-leukemic ability of NF-κB inhibition in primary human AML, we treated primary human LCs freshly isolated from peripheral blood of AML patients with BAY and TNF/IL-1 antagonists (Enbrel® and Kinaret®, respectively) individually or in combination in methylcellulose for CFU assay. Here, TNF is linked to acute myeloid leukemia.