2014). Analysis of gene expression profile in enteroids following ex vivo infection confirms these findings of previous studies in cultured enterocytes in vitro. Induced genes are often these inflammatory or defense genes, such as Nos2, Mip2, and Icam1 (Yang et al. 2009; Deng et al. 2004). Such alterations in gene expression profile were further confirmed in the intestinal enteroids isolated from infected neonatal mice following oral gavage of C. parvum oocysts in vivo. The gene discussed is ICAM1; the disease is infection.