2002; Hamed et al. 2004; Jin et al. 2004; Sack et al. 2005; Daniil et al. 2007; Shu et al. 2007; Xue et al. 2007; Zhou et al. 2009; Hirayama et al. 2011; Qian et al. 2012; Zhang et al. 2012). One study was excluded since it provided the mean and standard deviation only for the lung cancer group of patients and not for the other malignancies group (Wells et al. 2013). All studies showed statistically significant higher PF‐VEGF levels among patients with MPE, except for one (Daniil et al. 2007). This evidence concerns the gene VEGFA and lung carcinoma.