CD38 and B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia: It has been shown that stimulation of CD38 alone leads to calcium response in several cell types including B cells.[10,14] Moreover, a synergistic effect of CD38 stimulation and BCR expression was reported, leading to an augmentation of BCR signaling capacity.[23] It is widely accepted that BCR signaling plays a crucial role in CLL pathogenesis [24] and that CD38 expression can be associated with a poor outcome of the disease [1], leading to the suggestion that similar mechanisms are active in CLL.