BRAF and melanoma: In recent studies, the BRAF inhibitor vemurafenib induces cytoprotective autophagy in BRAFV600E mutant melanoma patients and autophagy inhibition augments BRAF inhibitor-induced cell death and anti-tumor activity both in vitro and in vivo, and also the concurrent blockade of Akt and autophagy effectively reduces ovarian cancer cell viability [26, 27].