Importantly, many of them have been identified to be involved in the host immune response to the virus infection through regulating almost every critical step of antiviral immunity, including PRR-dependent signaling pathways for sensing the virus, activation of transcription factors such as NF-κB, production of various IFNs and cytokines, induction of ISG expression, host cell development and apoptosis. This evidence concerns the gene NFKB1 and viral infectious disease.