Patients with moderate/severe oligospermia or azoospermia and NR5A1 mutations may have normal testosterone and normal low or low inhibin B levels, but they are at potential risk of deterioration of testicular hormonal secretion with age and may need counseling regarding preservation of sperm and regular monitoring of endocrine function (Bashamboo et al., 2010a). This evidence concerns the gene NR5A1 and oligospermia.