A several fold rise was observed in the levels of RAS components such as renin (5 folds), angiotensinogen (6 folds), ACE (10 folds), ANG II (8 folds) and angiogenic cytokines such as VEGF (12 folds) and HIF-1α (7 folds) in the vitreous humor of infants with ROP as compared to the vitreous of infants operated for congenital cataract. This evidence concerns the gene VEGFA and retinopathy of prematurity.