In a retrospective cohort of 219,388 men with at least three PSA measurements, Wallner et al. reported that the annual percent change in PSA accurately predicted the presence of PCa (AUC = 0.963) and the presence of aggressive disease (AUC = 0.955) with more accuracy than a single measurement of PSA alone (AUC = 0.727) [34]. The gene discussed is KLK3; the disease is aggressive behavior.