Other causes of dysfunctions of the cardiovascular system in T2DM are the disturbances of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, lipotoxicity, oxidative stress, insulin resistance and the elevated levels of proinflammatory factors, all causing damage of vascular endothelial cells, triggering inflammatory processes in them and inducing the atherosclerotic plaque formation [237]. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is type 2 diabetes mellitus.