AR and prostate cancer: Aside from its role in various physiological and homeostatic processes, the AR has also been directly implicated in a number of diseases such as hypogonadism, androgen insensitive syndrome (AIS), benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), initiation and progression of prostate cancer, spinal-bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA), as well as male pattern baldness and osteoporosis [1].