One is that HSPs and other chaperones (GRPs 75, 78, 94, 170, calreticulin, the PDI family members, etc.)are all upregulated in brain tumor cells from a variety of sources (high grade gliomas, pediatric gliomas, medulloblastomas, ependymomas, etc.), and many are displayed on the surfaces of such tumor cells [5,12,46–48]. This evidence concerns the gene CALR and glioma.