NPPB and congestive heart failure: The TIME-CHF RCT economic evaluation11 in HFrEF patients (mean age 76 years) estimated higher costs (US$384 (−$3462 to $4803); after excluding residential costs) and higher QALYs (0.05 (−0.02 to 0.11)) in patients with BNP-guided care at 18 months.11 The authors concluded that BNP-guided care had a high probability of being cost-effective, but noted that this probability was lower in older patients.