VDAC1 and Mitochondrial myopathy: For example, higher than normal expression of VDAC is observed in cancer2,3 and neurodegeneration12 while mitochondrial myopathy is associated with lower levels of expression.34 Our earlier study and those of others establishes that heterologous expression of VDAC results in cell death.1,21 A GFP-tagged version of rice VDAC (OsVDAC4-GFP) expressed in both mammalian (Jurkat) and plant (BY2) cells was found to be diffusely distributed through the cytoplasm of some cells while it localized to mitochondria in other cells.