It has been suggested that miR-203 contributes to the development of COPD through the repression of nuclear factor κ-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) signaling by targeting TAK1 and PI3KCA and that this miRNA can be used as a new biomarker for COPD diagnosis. This evidence concerns the gene NFKB1 and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.