Intriguingly, VLA-1- and CD103-mediated retention of T cells depends on TGFβ (TGFβ induces VLA-1 and CD103 expression in situ) (17, 18, 41), while this cytokine is commonly described to suppress T cell immunity, particularly in the tumor microenvironment (42). The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is neoplasm.