Nivolumab, an IgG4 PD-1 antibody, binds to PD-1 with high affinity and specificity and was the first PD-1 blocking agent to demonstrate clinical activity in several different types of cancers, including melanoma, RCC, and NSCLC in a phase I/II trial completed in 2012 (18). Here, PDCD1 is linked to non-small cell lung carcinoma.